Browse Research
Viewing 5151 to 5175 of 7695 results
1990
Several years ago, the retrospective rating plan premium formula was modified with the intention of eliminating "overlap" between its insurance charge and excess loss premium components. Under the modified formula, the excess loss premium is reduced via subtraction of an Excess Loss Adjustment Amount (ELAA).
1990
In this paper many relations and equations relating pure premium or expected value quantities are presented in terms of random variables. This is made possible by the use of the indicator function so that awkward representations of functions of loss are simplified. Relations and formulas on such topics as basic limits losses, excess of loss coverages and retrospective rating are presented in stronger, more primitive forms.
1990
This paper describes a method that can aid the underwriter in pricing the multiple-claimant occurrence exposure for workers compensation excess of loss reinsurance contracts. First, the current practices are described, and the necessary considerations for selecting a method are discussed.
1990
Several important practical problems and techniques which are familiar to both actuaries and underwriters are discussed informally and then analyzed mathematically. The main subjects are the degree to which profitability can be improved by estimating the expected losses of risks more accurately, and the usefulness of various methods of improving accuracy.
1990
Exposure Bases, Experience Rating
1990
Minimax estimation procedures for the mean vector of a distribution on a compact set under squared error type loss functions are considered. In particular, a Dirichlet process prior is used to show that a linear function of .X is a minimax estimator in the class of all measurable estimators and all possible distributions. This effort extends some earlier work of Bohlmann to a more general setting.
1990
Chapter headings:
Introduction
Accounting Concepts
Claim Department Reserving Activity
An Actuarial Model of Loss Development
Loss Reserving Definitions
Data Availability and Organization
Reserve Estimation Strategy
Exploratory Data Analysis
Loss Reserve Estimation Methodologies
Loss Adjustment Expenses
Evaluation of Ultimate Loss Estimates
Miscellaneous Topics
1990
Chapter headings:
Introduction
Accounting Concepts
Claim Department Reserving Activity
An Actuarial Model of Loss Development
Loss Reserving Definitions
Data Availability and Organization
Reserve Estimation Strategy
Exploratory Data Analysis
Loss Reserve Estimation Methodologies
Loss Adjustment Expenses
Evaluation of Ultimate Loss Estimates
Miscellaneous Topics
1990
Chapter headings:
Investment Income
Investment and Tax Strategies
Rate of Return Measures
Impact of Investment Income on Pricing
1990
Data Collection & Statistical Reporting (general or introductory)
1990
Chapter headings:
Introduction
Prospective Systems
Retrospective Rating
Designing an Individual Risk Rating System
Summary
1990
Chapter headings:
Introduction
Prospective Systems
Retrospective Rating
Designing an Individual Risk Rating System
Summary
1990
Commercial lines prospective individual risk rating plans utilize the individual risk's own loss experience as one input into the determination of the premium charge for that risk. For long tail coverages such as General Liability, an accurate estimate of the
risk's ultimate losses is an important and necessary pricing element. Current plans utilize IBNR estimates which are based on either the risk's known losses or the risk's expected losses.
1990
In this paper, the model of De Vylder (1982) has been slightly improved upon and generalized. In De Vylder's model one assumption does not seem to be realistic in many cases and another is not satisfactory from a theoretical point of view. The model presented here has been found to be a special case of the credibility model of Bühlmann and Straub.
1990
The amount of rate classification (rate dislocation) experienced by individual insureds when a rating variable is eliminated depends on the rate relativity associated with the factor and with its distribution. In may be possible to introduce a surrogate rating variable to replace the one eliminated which reduces the total rate dislocation in the system.
1990
This paper gives a detailed account of the entire homeowners ratemaking procedure from adjusting premium and losses to spreading the statewide indicated rate level change by territory. Many traditional techniques, such as adjusting the data to a common deductible and tempering premium trend, are discussed in terms of their appropriateness to certain situations.
1990
This paper presents the basic ratemaking techniques used for Homeowners pricing. Development of the statewide indications for the buildings forms is presented. This is followed by the necessary modifications for the development of the indications for the contents forms. Two techniques for developing territorial indications are then presented. Brief discussions of the other rating factors and expense flattening are given.
1990
Fuzzy set theory is a recently developed field of mathematics that introduces sets of objects whose boundaries are not sharply defined.
1990
LOB-Flood
1990
Chapter headings:
Investment Income
Investment and Tax Strategies
Rate of Return Measures
Impact of Investment Income on Pricing
1990
Many insurers and rating bureaus use "expense flattening" procedures to allocate insurance expenses to policyholder classifications. High risk insureds with large expected pure premiums, do not necessarily cause higher "general and other acquisition" expenses. Flattening the expense loading reduces total premium for high loss cost policyholders, thereby
enhancing equity and alleviating affordability problems. Such is the theory.
1990
Total Return Ratemaking. A basic principle of the methodologies I propose is that they involve consideration of an insurer's total return on equity or surplus. The reason for this is that such methodologies look at an overall picture of a company.
1990
The Commissioner's Protocol. Purpose of Protocol Forms. Attached to this Declaration is a set of eight forms, including instructions, that I suggest the Commissioner adopt as her protocol to determine if an exemption from the Rollback requirement should be granted.
1990
Why is the approach that you recommend and that Mr. Bacon recommends preferable? At the risk of oversimplification, the estimation of the cost of claims component of an insurance rate involves three steps: (1) the selection of the length of the experience a base used in the rate calculation (i.e.
